Combined Scale Factor Calculator
Calculate precise scale factors for surveying and mapping projects with elevation considerations
Location Parameters
Elevation Parameters
Scale Factor Results
Enter your parameters to calculate precise scale factors.
Detailed Breakdown
Your detailed scale factor analysis will appear here.
Distance Correction Calculator
📊 Reference Data
Common Coordinate Systems
| System | Scale Factor Range | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|
| UTM | 0.9996 - 1.0010 | Global (6° zones) |
| State Plane NAD83 | 0.9999 - 1.0001 | US surveying |
| Lambert Conformal | 0.9995 - 1.0005 | Mid-latitude regions |
| Mercator | 1.0 - ∞ | Marine navigation |
Reference Ellipsoids
| Ellipsoid | Semi-major axis (m) | Inverse flattening |
|---|---|---|
| WGS 84 | 6,378,137.0 | 298.257223563 |
| GRS 80 | 6,378,137.0 | 298.257222101 |
| Clarke 1866 | 6,378,206.4 | 294.978698214 |
| Bessel 1841 | 6,377,397.155 | 299.1528128 |
📚 Practical Applications
Construction Layout
Apply CSF to convert design coordinates to field measurements accounting for elevation and projection distortions.
GIS Mapping
Ensure accurate spatial data integration by applying proper scale factors when combining datasets.
Boundary Surveys
Correct measured distances to grid or ground based on project requirements.
GNSS Surveys
Transform ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights and apply proper scale factors.
Large Projects
For projects spanning several km, scale factors become critical for millimeter accuracy.
Legal Surveys
Proper application of scale factors ensures compliance with surveying standards.
Note: This calculator provides estimates based on standard surveying formulas. For critical applications, always verify calculations with professional surveying software and consider local geodetic parameters.